Wales was never a Kingdom but consisted of various Principalities until in 1301 Edward I began the custom whereby the English monarch’s eldest son was invested as the Prince of Wales.
Ireland consisted of numerous tribal groups ruled by kings who acknowledged one of their number as the High King until Henry II was recognised as Lord of Ireland under Papal authority by Irish leaders in 1171. This continued until 1542 when the Pope’s role was ended and the King of England became Ireland’s monarch until southern Ireland became independent as Eire in 1937 and then the Republic of Ireland in 1949.
Rulers of England
Anglo-Saxon and Danish
927 Aethelstan of Wessex and Mercia
939 Oct. Edmund I
946 May Eadred
955 Nov. Eadwig
959 Oct. Edgar I
975 Jly. Edward ‘The Martyr’ killed at Corfe.
978 Mar. Ethelred ‘the Unready’
1013 Sept. Sweyn Forkbeard of Denmark acknowledged as king of all England until he died Feb. 1014. Ethelred then resumed his reign.
1016 April Edmund II ‘Ironside’
1016 Nov. Cnut also King of Denmark and Norway died 1035.
1037 Harold I ‘Harefoot’ is proclaimed king.
1040 June Harthacnut
1042 June Edward ‘The Confessor’
1066 Jan. 23 Harold II killed at Hastings 14 Oct.
Normans
1066 Dec. 25 William I ‘The Conqueror’
1087 Sept. 26 William II ‘Rufus’
1100 Aug. 5 Henry I
1135 Dec. 22 Stephen of Blois (disputed by Matilda or Maud daughter of Henry I)
Plantagenets
1154 Dec. 19 Henry II
1189 Sept 3 Richard I ‘The Lionheart’
1199 May 27 John
1216 Oct. 28 Henry III
1272 Nov. 20 Edward I ‘Longshanks’
1307 July 8 Edward II
1327 Jan. 25 Edward III
1377 Jun. 23 Richard II deposed Sept. 1399, murdered Feb. 1400.
Lancastrian/Plantagenets
1399 Sept. 30 Henry IV ‘Bolingbroke’
1413 Mar. 13 Henry V
1422 Sept. 1 Henry VI deposed Mar. 1461, restored Oct. 1470, deposed and murdered May 1471.
Yorkist/Plantagenets
1461 Mar. 4 Edward IV
1483 April 9 Edward V deposed 25 June, presumed murdered date unknown.
1483 26 June Richard III
Tudors
1485 Aug. 22 Henry VII
1509 April 22 Henry VIII
1547 Jan. 28 Edward VI
1553 July 6 Jane Grey deposed July 19
1553 July 19 Mary I
1558 Nov. 17 Elizabeth I
Stuarts
1603 Mar. 24 James I and VI of Scotland
1625 Mar. 27 Charles I executed 30 Jan. 1649
Commonwealth of England Lord Protectors:
1653 Dec. 16 Oliver Cromwell
1658 Sept. 3 Richard Cromwell to 24 May 1659
The Restoration
1660 May 29 Charles II
1685 Feb. 6 James II and VII deposed 1688.
1689 Feb. 13 William III & II and Mary II (died Dec. 1694) joint monarchy.
1702 Mar. 8 Anne
Hanoverians
1714 Aug. 1 George I
1727 June 11 George II
1760 Oct. 25 George III (subject to Regency of Prince of Wales 1811-20).
1820 Jan. 19 George IV
1830 June 26 William IV
1837 June 10 Victoria
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
1901 Jan. 22 Edward VII
1910 May 6 George V
Windsor (The family name was changed from Saxe Coburg-Gotha in 1917)
George V
1936 Jan. 10 Edward VIII abdicated
1936 Dec. 11 George VI
1952 Feb. 6 Elizabeth II
Rulers of Scotland
Kings of Alba (Pictland and the Scots) a large part of modern eastern and southern Scotland.
843 Kenneth I MacAlpin
858 Donald I
862 Constantine 1
877 Aed
878 Eochaid and Giric
889 Donald II
900 Constantine II
943 Malcolm I
954 Indulf
962 Dub
971 Kenneth II
995 Constantine III
997 Kenneth III
Rulers of the Scots (after the acquisition of Lothian and Strathclyde)
1005 Mar. 25 Malcolm II
1034 Nov. 25 Duncan I murdered by Macbeth
1040 Aug. 14 Macbeth killed by Malcolm
1057 Aug. 15 Lulach. Macbeth’s stepson killed by Malcolm
1058 Mar. 17 Malcolm III
1093 Nov. 13 Donalbane deposed, restored and deposed
1097 October Edgar
1107 Jan. 8 Alexander I
1124 April 25 David I
1153 May 24 Malcolm IV the Maiden
1165 Dec. 9 William the Lion
1214 Dec. 4 Alexander II
1249 July 8 Alexander III
1286 Mar. 19 Margaret the Maid of Norway died on voyage to Scotland
The First Interregnum 1290-2
1292 Nov. 17 John Balliol (chosen by Edward I of England) abdicated 1296
The Second Interregnum 1296-1306. The throne is claimed by Edward I of England
1306 Mar. 25 Robert I the Bruce
1329 June 7 David II
Period of Strife 1332-57 in which the crown was claimed by Edward Balliol son of John Balliol, backed by Edward III of England, and David II was held captive in England 1346-57.
1371 Feb. 22 Robert II Stewart or Stuart
1390 April 19 Robert III
1406 April 4 James I
1437 Feb. 21 James II
1460 Aug. 3 James III
1488 June 11 James IV killed at Flodden
1513 Sept. 9 James V aged 1
1542 Dec. 14 Mary aged 6 days, abdicated 1567, executed in England 1687
1567 Jly 24 James VI became James I of England 1603
Thenceforward England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland were ruled by the same monarch until Eire became independent in 1937.
